Oxidative: Refers to winemaking practices that deliberately expose the wine to oxygen, such as the use of open-top fermentors and racking. Traditional winemaking exposes the wine to some air, but does not result in oxidized notes. An aggressively oxidative approach can result in nutty notes, as seen in wines such as Sherry or vin jaunes from the Jura.

氧化：指故意将葡萄酒暴露于氧气中的酿酒方式，如使用开放式发酵罐和换桶。传统的酿酒方式是将葡萄酒部分暴露于空气中，但是不会产生氧化气味。激烈的氧化方法会产生坚果味，常见于雪利酒或来自茹拉产区的黄葡萄酒。