Acrid: Describes the harsh, bitter taste or pungent, nose-biting odor caused by excessive amounts of sulfur added during winemaking. When used properly, sulfur dioxide plays a beneficial role in winemaking; it kills unwanted organisms, protects wines from spoilage and cleans equipment.

刺鼻的：描述由于酿酒过程中过度添加硫磺产生的辛辣，刺鼻味道。如果使用适当，硫化物可以杀死葡萄酒中有害的微生物，防止葡萄酒变质，或者用于设备清洁，对葡萄酒酿造起积极的作用。