Vine Training: The process of shaping the vine’s permanent wood. In cool regions, vines trained low absorb more heat reflected off the ground, which helps ripen the fruit. In warmer regions, vines are trained higher so they don’t absorb reflections.

葡萄藤整枝：就是对葡萄藤进行塑形的过程。在凉爽的地区，葡萄藤修整得低些，便于更多地吸收地面反射的热量。在温暖的地区，葡萄藤则被修整得高些，以减少地面热量的吸收。